On March 3, 2015 a patent was issued for an invention by Carlos Cuadros of Morningstar Corporation. The invention is a modulation control scheme for a dual active bridge (DAB) DC to DC converter in a charge controller for photovoltaic systems composed of a photovoltaic (PV) array and a battery bank, wherein the charge controller controls charging of the battery bank with DC electricity produced by the (PV) array. In one preferred application of the invention, the modulation control scheme is employed in a dual active bridge (DAB) bidirectional DC to DC converter in a high voltage (HV) bidirectional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller for photovoltaic systems composed of a high voltage PV array, a battery bank and a high voltage DC load.